考試輔導(dǎo)：職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解-倒裝

　 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前的這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為倒裝。從倒裝的形式來(lái)看，可分為全部倒裝(full inversion)和部分倒裝(partial inversion)兩種。前者是指整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)之前，而后者僅是指助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be 動(dòng)詞等功能置于主語(yǔ)這前。

　　引起倒裝的情況多種多樣，倒裝的表現(xiàn)形式大體有下列幾種：

　　1．在疑問(wèn)句中

　　例1：How are you getting along with your work?

　　例2：Is this report written in detail?

　　注：如疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或者作定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不發(fā)生倒裝。

　　2．在there be 及其類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)中

　　例1：There are forty students in our class.

　　例2：There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet.

　　例3：There stands a bridge across the river.

　　3．在表示祝愿的句子中

　　例1：Long live the People’s Republic of China!

　　例2：May you succeed!

　　例3：Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on.

　　4．在省略if 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件狀語(yǔ)從句中

　　這類(lèi)句子中有were, had, should等詞時(shí)，把were, had或should置于句首。

　　例1：Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world.

　　例2：Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.

　　5．在so, nor, neither或no more開(kāi)頭的句子中

　　此類(lèi)句子通常表示前面一句話中的謂語(yǔ)所說(shuō)明的情況，也適用于另一句中的主語(yǔ)。例如：

　　1）This problem is not difficult and neither is that one.ｗ.com

　　2）Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil.

　　6．在以具有否定意義的副詞、連詞及詞組開(kāi)頭的句子中

　　這些詞和詞組通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。例如：

　　1）Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains.

　　2）Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.

　　3）Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.

　　4）Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.

　　7．在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)時(shí)

　　例1：Worst of all were the humiliations.

　　例2：Such is the case.